RADIO SPECTRUM EVOLUTION OF THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT CASSIOPEIA A AT FREQUENCIES 35–65 MHZ

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra19.02.111

I. N. Bubnov, A. A. Konovalenko, A. A. Stanislavsky, V. P. Bovkoon, I. N. Zhouck, D. V. Mukha

Abstract


The results of radio emission observations for Cassiopeia A source at frequencies 35, 38, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 MHz are presented. At these frequencies, the radio-emission flux density ratio between Cassiopeia A and Cygnus A for the epoch of 2014 is obtained. Brief information about the antenna facility and reception equipment used in the measurements is given. At frequencies 35−65 MHz, the radio emission flux of Cassiopeia A is found for the epoch of 2014 by comparison with the well-known flux density of Cygnus A. The intersection frequency of the low-frequency spectra for Cassiopeia A and Cygnus A is experimentally determined. The results obtained by other authors for the secular decrease of the flux density of Cassiopeia A radio emission at 38 MHz are confirmed.

 Key words: supernova remnant, radio-wave radiation flux evolution, Cassiopeia A, GURT

Manuscript submitted 25.03.2014

Radio phys. radio astron. 2014, 19(2): 111-119 

REFERENCES

1. RYLE, M. and SMITH, F. G.,  1948. A new intense source of radio frequency radiation in the constellation of Cassiopeia. Nature, vol. 162, pp. 462–463. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1038/162462a0

2. BAADE, W. and MINKOWSKI, R., 1954. Identification of the Radio Sources in Cassiopeia, Cygnus A, and Puppis A. Astrophys. J. vol. 119, pp. 206–214. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1086/145812

3. VAN DEN BERGH, S. and KAMPER, K. W., 1983. Optical Studies of Cassiopeia A. VI – Observations during the Period 1976-1980. Astrophys. J. vol. 268, pp. 129–33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/160938

4. THORSTENSEN, J. R., FESEN, R. A., and VAN DEN BERGH, S., 2001. The Expansion Center and Dynamical Age of the Galactic Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A. Astron. J. vol. 122, Is. 1, pp. 297–307.

5. FESEN, R. A., HAMMELL, M. C., MORSE, J., CHEVALIER, R. A., BORKOWSKI, K. J., DOPITA, M. A., GERARDY, CH. L., LAWRENCE, S. S., RAYMOND, J. C., and VAN DEN BERGH, S., 2006. The Expansion Asymmetry and Age of the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant. Astrophys. J. vol. 645, Is. 1. pp. 283–292.

6. SHKLOVSKII, I. S., 1960. Secular Variation of the Flux and Intensity of Radio Emission from Discrete Sources. Astron. J. vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 256–264 (in Russian).

7. HÖGBOM, J. A. and SHAKESHAFT, J. R., 1961. Secular variations of the flux density of the radio source Cassiopeia A. Nature. vol. 189, no. 4764,pp. 561–562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/189561a0

8. IVANOV, V. P. and STANKEVICH, K. S., 1989. Periodic changes in radio emission and evolution of the spectrum of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. Astron. J. vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 30–39 (in Russian).

9. HELMBOLDT, J. F. and KASSIM, N. E., 2009. The evolution of Cas Aat low radio frequencies. Astron. J. vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 838–844. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/138/3/838

10. ERICKSON, W. C. and PERLEY, R. A., 1975. An anomaly in the flux of Cassiopeia A at 38 MHz. Astron. J. vol. 200, pp. L83–L87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/181903

11. TROITSKII, V. S., STANKEVICH, K. S., TSEITLIN, N. M., KROTIKOV, V. D., BONDAR', L. N., STREZNEVA, K. M., RAHLIN, V. L., IVANOV, V. P., PELYUSHENKO, S. A., ZUBOV, M. M., SAMOILOV, R. A., TITOV, G. K., PORFIR'EV, V. A., and CHEKALEV, S. P., 1971. Calibration of Cassiopeia A flows in the range 300-9375 MHz. Astron. J. vol. 48, pp. 1150–1153 (in Russian).

12. BARABANOV, A. P., IVANOV, V. P., STANKEVICH, K. S., AND STOLYAROV, S. P., 1986.Periodic changes in radio emission and evolution of the spectrum of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. Astron. J. vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 926–938 (in Russian).

13. VINYAIKIN, E. N., 2007. Evolution of the radio emission spectrum of Cassiopeia A from long-term observations. Observations at frequencies of 290 and 927 MHz. Astron. J. vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 105–114(in Russian).

14. KONOVALENKO, A. A., 2005. Low-Frequency Radio Astronomy Prospects. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 10, special issue, pp. S86–S114 (in Russian).

15. VAN HAARLEM, M. P., WISE, M. W., GUNST, A. W., HEALD, G., McKEAN, J. P., HESSELS, J. W. T., DE BRUYN, A. G., NIJBOER, R., SWINBANK, J., FAL LOWS, R., BRENTJENS, M., NELLES, A., BECK, R., FALCKE, H., FENDER, R., HÖRANDEL, J., KOOPMANS, L. V. E., MANN, G., MILEY, G., RÖTTGERING, H., STAPPERS, B. W., WIJERS, R. A. M. J., ZAROUBI, S., VAN DEN AKKER, M., ALEXOV, A., ANDERSON, J., ANDERSON, K., VAN ARDENNE, A., ARTS, M., ASGEKAR, A., AVRUCH, I. M., BATEJAT, F., BÄHREN, L., BELL, M. E., BELL, M. R., VAN BEMMEL, I., BENNEMA, P., BENTUM, M. J., BERNARDI, G., BEST, P., BÎRZAN, L., BONAFEDE, A., BOONSTRA, A.-J., BRAUN, R., BREGMAN, J., BREITLING, F., VAN DE BRINK, R. H., BRODERICK, J., BROEKEMA, P. C., BROUW, W. N., BRÜGGEN, M., BUTCHER, H. R., VAN CAPPELLEN, W., CIARDI, B., COENEN, T., CONWAY, J., COOLEN, A., CORSTANJE, A., DAMSTRA, S., DAVIES, O., DELLER, A. T., DETTMAR, R.-J., VAN DIEPEN, G., DIJKSTRA, K., DONKER, P., DOORDUIN, A., DROMER, J., DROST, M., VAN DUIN, A., EISLÖFFEL, J., VAN ENST, J., FERRARI, C., FRIESWIJK, W., GANKEMA, H., GARRETT, M. A., DE GASPERIN, F., GERBERS, M., DE GEUS, E., GRIEßMEIER, J.-M., GRIT, T., GRUPPEN, P., HAMAKER, J. P., HASSALL, T., HOEFT, M., HOLTIES, H. A., HORNEFFER, A., VAN DER HORST, A., VAN HOUWELINGEN, A., HUIJGEN, A., IACOBELLI, M., INTEMA, H., JACKSON, N., JELIC, V., DE JONG, A., JUETTE, E., KANT, D., KARASTERGIOU, A., KOERS, A., KOLLEN, H., KONDRATIEV, V. I., KOOISTRA, E., KOOPMAN, Y., KOSTER, A., KUNIYOSHI, M., KRAMER, M., KUPER, G., LAMBROPOULOS, P., LAW, C., VAN LEEUWEN, J., LEMAITRE, J., LOOSE, M., MAAT, P., MACARIO, G., MARKOFF, S., MASTERS, J., MCFADDEN, R. A., MCKAY-BUKOWSKI, D., MEIJERING, H., MEULMAN, H., MEVIUS, M., MIDDELBERG, E., MILLENAAR, R., MILLER-JONES, J. C. A., MOHAN, R. N., MOL, J. D., MORAWIETZ, J., MORGANT, I. R., MULCAHY, D. D., MULDER, E., MUNK, H., NIEUWENHUIS, L., VAN NIEUWPOORT, R., NOORDAM, J. E., NORDEN, M., NOUTSOS, A., OFFRINGA, A. R., OLOFSSON, H., OMAR, A., ORRÚ, E., OVEREEM, R., PAAS, H., PANDEY-POMMIER, M., PANDEY, V. N., PIZZO, R., POLATIDIS, A., RAFFERTY, D., RAWLINGS, S., REICH, W., DE REIJER, J.-P., REITSMA, J., RENTING, G. A., RIEMERSV, P., ROL, E., ROMEIN, J. W., ROOSJEN, J., RUITER, M., SCAIFE, A., VAN DER SCHAAF, K., SCHEERS, B., SCHELLARTV, P., SCHOENMAKERS, A., SCHOONDERBEEK, G., SERYLAK, M., SHULEVSKI, A., SLUMAN, J., SMIRNOV, O., SOBEY, C., SPREEUW, H., STEINMETZ, M., STERKS, C. G. M., STIEPEL, H.-J., STUURWOLD, K., TAGGER, M., TANG, Y., TASSE, C., THOMAS, I., THOUDAM, S., TORIBIO, M. C., VAN DER TOL, B., USOV, O., VAN VEELEN, M., VAN DER VEEN, A.-J., TER VEEN, S., VERBIEST, J. P. W., VERMEULEN, R., VERMAAS, N., VOCKS, C., VOGT, C., DE VOS, M., VAN DER WAL, E., VAN WEEREN, R., WEGGEMANS, H., WELTEVREDE, P., WHITE, S., WIJNHOLDS, S. J., WILHELMSSON, T., WUCKNITZ, O., YATAWATTA, S., ZARKA, P., ZENSUS, A. and VAN ZWIETEN, J., 2013. LOFAR: the low-frequency array. Astron. Astrophys. vol. 556, id. A2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201220873

16. TAYLOR, G. B., ELLINGSON, S. W., KASSIM, N. E., CRAIG, J., DOWELL, J., WOLFE, C. N., HARTMAN, J., BERNARDI, G., CLARKE, T., COHEN, A., DALAL, N. P., ERICKSON, W. C., HICKS, B., GREENHILL, L. J., JACOBY, B., LANE, W., LAZIO, J., MITCHELL, D., NAVARRO, R., ORD, S. M., PIHLSTRÖM, Y., POLISENSKY, E., RAY, P. S.,RICKARD, L. J., SCHINZEL, F. K., SCHMITT, H., SIGMAN, E., SORIANO, M., STEWART, K. P., STOVALL, K., TREMBLAY, S., WANG, D., WEILER, K. W., WHITE, S. and WOOD, D. L., 2012. First light for the first station of the long wavelength array. J. Astron. Instrument. Vol. 1, no. 1. pp. 1250004-5-1250004-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171712500043

17. BUBNOV, I. N., KONOVALENKO, A. A., FALKOVICH, I. S., RUCKER, H. O., GRIDIN, A. A., KALINICHENKO, N. N., REZNIK, A. P.,STEPKIN, S. V., MUCHA, D. V., DOROVSKYY, V. V., and LECACHEUX, A., 2010. Tests of an Active, Broad-band Antenna Array. In: Proc. of the 7th International Workshop on Planetary, Solar and Heliospheric Radio Emissions (PRE VII). Graz, Austria. pp. 533–539.

18. FALKOVICH, I. S., KONOVALENKO, A. A., GRIDIN, A. A., SODIN, L. G., BUBNOV, I. N., KALINICHENKO, N. N., RASHKOVSKII, S. L., MUKHA, D. V., and TOKARSKY, P. L., 2011. Wide-band high linearity active dipole for low frequency radio astronomy. Exp. Astron. vol. 32, pp. 127–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-011-9256-z

19. KOZHIN, R. V., VYNOGRADOV, V. V., and VAVRIV, D. M., 2007. Low-noise,high dynamic range digital receiver/spectrometer for radioastronomy applications. In.: Proc. MSMW'07 Symposium. Kharkiv, Ukraine. pp. 736–738.

20. BRAUDE, S. Y., MEGN, A. V. and SODIN, L. G., 1978. Decameter wave band radio telescope UTR-2. In: Anteny. Moscow, USSR: Svyaz'. no. 26, pp. 3–15 (in Russian).

21. KASTER, U., 2007. Analog-to-digital conversion. Moscow: Technosphere Publ. (in Russian).

22. AIFICHER, E. and DZHERVIS, B., 2004. Tsifrovaia obrabotka sihnalov: prakticheskii podkhod, 2-e izdanie., transl. from English, E. Aificher Moskow: Vil'yams Publ. (in Russian).

23. TOMPSON, A., MORAN, D., and SVENSON., 2003. Interferometriya I sintez v radioastronomii. Moskow: Fizmatlit Publ. (in Russian).

24. KONOVALENKO, A. A., STANISLAVSKY, A. A., KOVAL, A. A., and ABRANIN, E. P., 2011. Heliograph of the UTR-2 Radio Telescope. III. Observations. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 235–240 (in Russian).

25. KOLIADIN, V. L., 2011. Using Phase Dynamic Cross-Spectra for Wideband Radio Astronomy Observations: Experience from the UTR-2 Radio Telescope. Radio Phys. Radio Astron. vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 341–354 (in Russian).

26. SERGIENKO, A. B., 2002. Digital signal processing. SPb.: Piter. (in Russian).

27. VINYAIKIN, E. N., 2006.The secular decrease in the flux density of radio emission from Cassiopeia A from long-term observations. Observations at the frequencies 38, 81.5 and 151.5 MHz. Astron. J., vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 168–176 (in Russian).

28. STANISLAVSKY, A., BUBNOV, I., KONOVALENKO, A., GRIDIN, A., SHEVCHENKO, V., STANISLAVSKY, L., MUKHA, D., and KOVAL , A., 2014. First Radio Astronomy Examination of the Low-Frequency Broad-Band Active Antenna Subarray. Adv. Astron. vol. 2014, id. 517058.

29. ZHOUCK, I. N.,

 


Keywords


supernova remnant; radio-wave radiation flux evolution; Cassiopeia A; GURT

Full Text:

PDF


Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)