RADIO PHYSICS AND RADIO ASTRONOMY

PACS number: 07.57.-c 

Purpose: A problem of electromagnetic wave diffraction by a longitudinal slot cut in a waveguide wide wall is solved. The slot is cut in a wide wall of a rectangular waveguide and radiates in a half-space above a perfectly conducting plane where two vertical impedance monopoles with arbitrary lengths placed with their bases placed on the plane. The paper is aimed at studying the electrodynamic characteristics of vibratorwaveguide-slot structures which allow to form the emission fields as that in a Clavin element with two identical passive ideally conducting monopoles of a fixed length located on a set distance from a slot center on both sides of a narrow halfwave slot.

Design/methodology/approach: The problem is solved by a generalized method of induced electromotive and magnetomotive forces in approximation of electric currents in the vibrators and equivalent magnetic current in the slot by the functions obtained by the asymptotic averaging method.

Findings: The influence of geometric parameters of the structure on the directional characteristics of Clavin type element is analyzed on the assumption of simultaneous account for relative level of sidelobes in the E-plane and beamwidth differences at –3 dB level in the main planes. It is shown that the directional characteristics and energy characteristics of the radiators: radiation and reflection coefficients, antenna directivity and gain can be varied within wide limits by changing the electrical length and/or distributed surface impedances of the vibrators, providing at that a low level of radiation within a slot plane.

Сonclusions: The results obtained can be useful when designing both small-size and multi-element antenna arrays with Clavin elements.

Key words: electromagnetic field, rectangular waveguide, longitudinal slot, impedance vibrator, Clavin element

Manuscript submitted 14.04.2016

Radio phys. radio astron. 2016, 21(3): 198-215                                         

REFERENCES

1. NESTERENKO, M. V., KATRICH, V. A., PENKIN, Yu. M. and BERDNIK, S. L., 2008. Analytical and Hybrid Methods in Theory of Slot-Hole Coupling of Electrodynamic Volumes. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76362-0

2. Balanis, C. A. (ed.), 2008. Modern Antenna Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

3. NESTERENKO, M. V., KATRICH, V. A., PENKIN, Yu. M., DAKHOV, V. M. and BERDNIK, S. L., 2011. Thin Impedance Vibrators. Theory and Applications. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7850-9

4. KING, R. W. P. and OWYANG, G. H., 1960. The slot antenna with coupled dipoles. IRE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 136–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1960.1144818

5. Butler, C. M. and Umashankar, K. R., 1976. Electromagnetic excitation of a wire through an aperture-perforated conducting screen. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 456–462. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1976.1141374

6. NAIHENG, Y. and HARRINGTON, R., 1983. Electromagnetic coupling to an in finite wire through a slotin a conducting plane. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 310–316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1983.1143025

7. HALPERN, B. M. and MAYES, P. E., 1984. The monopole slot as a two-port diversity antenna for UHF land-mobile radio systems. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 76–83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/T-VT.1984.23990

8. HSI, S. W., HARRINGTON, R. F. and MAUTZ, J. R., 1985. Electromagnetic coupling to a conducting wire behind an aperture of arbitrary size and shape. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 581–587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1985.1143628

9. Yatsuk, L. P. and Penkin, Yu. M., 1987. Effect of the scattering vibrator on the energy parameters of the slot in the waveguide. Izvestija vuzov. Radioelektronika. vol. 30, no 1, pp. 42–46 (in Russian).

10. Yatsuk, L. P. and Zhironkina, A. V., 1988. The wave scattering by the vibrator-slot irregularity in the rectangular waveguide. Radiotekhnika i Elektronika. vol. 33, no 10, pp. 2185–2189 (in Russian).

11. HIROKAWA, J., MANHOLM, L. and KILDAL, P.-S., 1997. Analysis of an untilted wire-excited slot in the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide by including the actual external structure. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1038–1044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/8.585753

12. Morioka, T., Komiyama, K. and Hirasawa, K., 2001. Effects of a parasitic wire on coupling between two slot antennas. IEICE Trans. Fund. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. vol. E84-B, no. 9, pp. 2597–2603.

13. WONGSAN, R., PHONGCHAROENPANICH, C., KRAIRIKSH,M. and TAKADA, J.-I., 2003. Impedance characteristic analysis of an axial slot antenna on a sectoral cylindrical cavity excited by a probe using method of moments. IEICE Trans. Fund. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. vol. E86-A, no. 6, pp. 1364–1373.

14. Park, S.-H., Hirokawa, J. and Ando, M., 2003. Simple analysis of a slot and a reflection-canceling post in a rectangular waveguide using only the axial uniform currents on the post surface. IEICE Trans. Fund. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. vol. E86-B, no. 8, pp. 2482–2487.

15. Kim, K.-C., Lim, S. M. and Kim, M. S., 2005. Reduction of electromagnetic penetration through narrow slots in conducting screen by two parallel wires. IEICE Trans.Fund. Electron. Commun. Comput. Sci. vol. E88-B, no. 4, pp. 1743–1745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e88-b.4.1743

16. LIM, K.-S., KOO, V.-C. and LIM, T.-S., 2007. Design, simulation and measurement of a post slot waveguide antenna. J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1589–1603. DOI: 10.1163/156939307781870880

17. NESTERENKO, M. V., KATRICH, V. A., PENKIN, Y. M., BERDNIK, S. L. and KIJKO, V. I., 2012. Combinedvibrator-slot structures in electrodynamic volumes. Prog. Electromagn. Res. B. vol. 37, pp. 237–256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB11101008

18. NESTERENKO, M. V., KATRICH, V. A., PENKIN, D. Yu., BERDNIK, S. L. and KIJKO, V. I., 2012. Electromagnetic waves scattering and radiation by vibrator-slot structure in a rectangular waveguide. Prog. Electromagn. Res. M. vol. 24, pp. 69–84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERM12022206

19. PENKIN, D. Y., BERDNIK, S. L., KATRICH, V. A., NESTERENKO, M. V. and KIJKO, V. I., 2013. Electromagnetic fields excitation by a multielement vibrator-slot structures in coupled electrodynamics volumes. Prog. Electromagn. Res. B. vol. 49, pp. 235–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB13012702

20. BERDNIK, S. L., KATRICH, V. A., NESTERENKO, M. V., PENKIN, Yu. M. and PENKIN, D. Yu., 2015. Radiation and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by a Multi-Element Vibrator-Slot Structure in a Rectangular Waveguide. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 4256–4259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2015.2453015

21. CLAVIN, A., HUEBNER, D. A. and KILBURG, F. J., 1974. An improved element for use in array antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 521–526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1974.1140845

22. CLAVIN, A., 1975. A multimode antenna having equal E- and H-planes. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 735–737. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1975.1141152

23. PAPIERZ, A. B., SANZGIRI, S. M. and LAXPATI, S. R., 1977. Analysis of antenna structure with equal E- and H-plane patterns. Proc. IEE. vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 25–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1977.0003

24. ELLIOTT, R. S., 1980. On the mutual admittance between Clavin elements. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 864–870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1980.1142425

25. KOMINAMI, M. and ROKUSHIMA, K., 1984. Analysis of an antenna composed of arbitrarily located slots and wires. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 154–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1984.1143293

26. PENKIN, Yu. M., Semenihin, V. A. and YATSUK, L. P., 1987. Investigation of internal and external characteristics of Clavin-type radiators. In: Radiotekhnika. Kharkiv, Ukraine: Vyshcha shkola. no. 83, pp. 3–10 (in Russian).

27. BERDNIK, S. L., KATRICH, V. A., NESTERENKO, M. V., PENKIN, Yu. M. and PSHENICHNAYA, S. V., 2015. Clavin element with impedance monopoles. In: XX-th International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and InverseProblems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory Proceedings. Lviv, Ukraine, pp. 61–65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/DIPED.2015.7324253

28. BERDNIK, S. L., BLINOVA, N. K., KATRICH, V. A., NESTERENKO, M. V. and PENKIN, Yu. M., 2015. Spherical antenna with a Clavin radiator. In: XX-th Inter02. BALANIS, C. A. (ed.), 2008. Modern Antenna Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. national Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory Proceedings. Lviv, Ukraine pp. 75–77. DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1109/DIPED.2015.7324256